Tiger Hunting as a Royal Game in Ancient Manipur Kangleipak

In the historically rich region of Manipur, also known as Kangleipak, tiger hunting was not just a demonstration of bravery and skill but a deeply ingrained practice that symbolized power, status, and cultural identity. This royal game was intricately tied to the socio-political fabric of the region and played a crucial role in the cultural heritage of the Manipuri people.

Symbolism and Significance

The ancient Manipuris viewed tigers as symbols of strength and ferocity. Hunting such creatures was a way for the royalty and nobility to assert dominance over both the natural world and their rivals. This practice was often accompanied by rituals and ceremonies that further reinforced the authority of the rulers and their connection to the land.

Evidence from Historical Accounts

While ancient Manipuri scriptures may not explicitly mention tiger hunting as the royal game, historical records and the testimonial nature of royalty and nobility's actions lend credence to this practice. Notable among these are the accounts from Lt. Colonel John Shakespear, who described the Kuki tribe, specifically the Doungel and Thado clans, in the 19th century as being "cat-like" in their agility and ferocity, suggesting a deep connection to the natural world and its predators.

Historical Accounts and Chronicles

In the ancient chronicles of Manipur, such as the Cheitharol Kumbaba, Moirang Ningthourol Lambuba, and Ningthourol Lambuba, references to tiger hunting are prevalent. However, these accounts primarily focus on the purpose of the hunt, which was not merely for sport but to reduce the tiger population and mitigate threats to human settlements. This practice also served as a form of revenge when tigers killed close relatives of the royals.

A Popular Legend: Kumjalembi Devoured by Tiger

One of the most famous stories related to tiger hunting is that of Kumjalembi, a legendary character who was tragically devoured by a tiger. This tale highlights the dangers of tigers and the deep emotional and cultural significance of such encounters, emphasizing the royal's duty to protect their subjects by hunting these deadly predators. This narrative underscores the use of tiger hunting as a means to preserve both human life and the region’s cultural legacy.

While the exact historical records may be sparse, the cultural vibrancy and social importance of tiger hunting in Ancient Manipur are well-documented. This royal practice was not only a practical necessity but also a significant element of the region’s rich tapestry of culture and history.