The Difference Between Tracking and Panning Shots in Cinematography

Cinematography is an essential aspect of filmmaking and videography. Two commonly used camera movements are tracking shots and panning shots. While both techniques enhance the visual storytelling, they serve different purposes and involve distinct movements of the camera. Understanding the differences between these shots is vital for filmmakers and videographers to effectively convey their narrative.

What is a Panning Shot?

A panning shot is a camera move where the camera is mounted on a stationary tripod or other stable support and pivoted horizontally around a single axis. This movement allows the viewer to see a wide range of the environment or to focus on a specific element within the frame. The camera is fixed in place, but it can pivot to the left or right, giving the impression of the camera turning to reveal new information or details.

What is a Tracking Shot?

A tracking shot involves physically moving the camera along a predefined path. This movement can be accomplished on a dolly, on rails, or on set. The camera itself is not stationary; instead, it follows a moving subject or object. Tracking shots often provide a sense of movement and action, as if the camera is right there with the subjects.

Key Differences Between Tracking and Panning Shots

The fundamental difference between a tracking shot and a panning shot lies in the movement of the camera and its relationship to the subject. A tracking shot moves the camera to follow a moving subject, while a panning shot keeps the camera in one place and rotates it. Both movements, however, can be combined to create complex and dynamic shots.

Physical Movement vs. Rotational Movement

Tracking: A tracking shot sees the camera physically moving on a dolly or on rails. The camera support (such as the dolly) is mobile, and the camera itself follows the subject or moves in a set direction. This allows the camera to maintain a consistent distance from the subject as it moves.

Panning: In contrast, a panning shot involves a static camera mount, often a tripod. The camera pivots around its own axis to reveal new elements of the environment. The camera’s movement is confined to a horizontal plane and does not involve movement in depth.

Storytelling and Visual Emphasis

Tracking Shots: These shots are more dynamic and can create a sense of immediacy and involvement with the scene. They are often used to follow a character’s movement or to track the flow of an action sequence. Tracking shots can also create a sense of immersion, bringing the viewer closer to the action.

Panning Shots: On the other hand, panning shots are smoother and more fluid. They are ideal for revealing the environment or for a wide-angle view of a scene. These shots are often used to transition between different elements of a scene or to emphasize the environment of the story. They can also be used to maintain the flow of the storyline by gradually introducing new characters or elements into the frame.

Practical Applications of Tracking and Panning Shots

Both tracking and panning shots have practical applications in various types of filmmaking and videography. Here are some scenarios where each shot might be used:

Tracking Shots

Following a character as they move through a crowded street. Tracking the camera along with cars on a racetrack. Chasing a suspect as they run through an urban environment.

These shots are particularly useful for action scenes or for creating a sense of movement and urgency.

Panning Shots

Showing the wide, open landscape as the camera pans across fields, mountains, or cityscapes. Revealing the details of a set as the camera pans around a room or stage. Transferring the viewer's focus between different characters in a conversation.

Panning shots are effective for establishing the setting and for creating a sense of space and perspective.

Combining Tracking and Panning Shots

Both tracking and panning shots can be combined to create more complex and dynamic scenes. For example:

Panning shots can be used within a tracking shot to reveal additional details as the camera moves. Tracking shots can include panning elements to provide a richer visual experience as the camera follows the subject.

Conclusion

The choice between a tracking shot and a panning shot depends on the specific needs of the scene and the story being told. Both techniques offer unique benefits and can be effectively used in combination to create engaging and dynamic visual storytelling. Understanding the differences between these shots is key to harnessing their full potential in filmmaking and videography.