The 7 Basic Plots: Foundations of Storytelling

When we delve into the realm of narrative theory, the concept of basic plots emerges as a cornerstone for understanding and analyzing stories across different genres and mediums. While every story is unique, these seven plots form the building blocks upon which countless tales are constructed. Let's explore these fundamental storytelling frameworks and their applications.

Overcoming the Monster

The Overcoming the Monster plot is one of the most popular and widely recognized of the seven basic plots. This narrative revolves around a central conflict where the protagonist faces a formidable antagonist, either a monster, a villain, or an overwhelming force. The primary objective of the hero is to triumph over this antagonist to restore peace and order. Examples of this plot can be traced back to ancient literature, such as The Beowulf and modern works like Aquaman.

Rags to Riches

The Rags to Riches plot is another foundational element in storytelling. It chronicles the rise of a protagonist from humble beginnings to a position of wealth, power, or fame. This type of story often includes obstacles, challenges, and personal growth. Classic examples include tales like The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho or the rags-to-riches narratives found in numerous Hollywood films.

The Quest

The Quest plot is characterized by a journey with a specific goal or objective. The protagonist embarks on a perilous journey, often crossing the threshold into the unknown. Along the way, they encounter various challenges, characters, and obstacles that test their resolve and skills. This plot can be seen in many works of literature, such as The Lord of the Rings and the adventures of Indiana Jones.

Voyage and Return

Voyage and Return is a plot that involves a character's journey to a distant and strange land where they face challenges and undergo transformations. This plot is often associated with allegories and journeys of self-discovery. Notable examples include The Odyssey and the magical realms explored in The Chronicles of Narnia.

Comedy

Comedy plots are light-hearted narratives filled with humor, misunderstandings, and mistaken identities that lead to a resolution characterized by laughter and joy. These stories often use wit, satire, and clever wordplay to engage the audience. Examples of comedic plots can be found in classic works like The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde and modern sitcoms and comedies.

Tragedy

Tragedy is a plot that follows the downfall of the protagonist due to a tragic flaw or fate, often leading to a somber or catastrophic ending. This type of plot often delves into themes of fate, hubris, and the consequences of character choices. Notable examples of tragic narratives include Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare and modern tragic films like Moulin Rouge!.

Rebirth

The Rebirth plot is one of transformation and redemption. It involves a character who faces a period of darkness or despair and emerges changed, often better suited to navigate the challenges of life. Examples of this plot can be seen in works like The Great Gatsby and more contemporary narratives like Theinton by Dan Brown.

While these seven basic plots form the backbone of storytelling, it is important to recognize that nuances and variations exist. New innovations and reimaginings of these basic structures keep literature and media fresh and engaging. Ayn Rand's assertion that the weaving of plot and theme is crucial for significance in storytelling further emphasizes the importance of these basic plots. The resolution of a plot is not the end in itself but rather the means by which the significance of the story is revealed.