Understanding the Naming Conventions of New Zealand

When British or other European explorers ventured into uncharted territories, they often labeled any new discoveries with the prefix “New” followed by familiar place names from their home countries. This pattern is not only evident in place names of New Zealand but also in numerous other parts of the world. Let's explore the fascinating history behind these naming conventions.

“New” Places – An Exploration

The term “New something” was used to indicate that the newly discovered places were akin to, or reminiscent of, places already known to Europeans. The prefix typically referred to regions and locations in the countries from which the explorers hailed. For instance:

New Zealand – named by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, after Zeeland in the Netherlands. New Amsterdam – later known as New York New England – both in North America and Australia New Hampshire – a state in the United States, interestingly without a “New Jane Austen” New Britain, New South Wales, and New Hebrides – named after British and Scottish regions. New Caledonia – named by Captain James Cook after Scotland, also known as Caledonia. New Guinea – named by Spanish explorers, after a place in Africa.

There are also many place names that were copied from Europe without an “New” prefix, such as the Australian cities of Newcastle and Perth. The inclusion of “New” in place names served a purpose: it conveyed the familiarity and similarities between the new discovery and the places from which the explorers came.

Zealand – Old and New

Zealand, the large island where Copenhagen is located, is indeed referred to as the southwestern most province of the Netherlands. Meanwhile, New Zealand, named after Zeeland, is the familiar place we know today. The naming convention highlights the connection between the two places, but also emphasizes the relative newcomer status of New Zealand to European exploration and settlement.

Real Research vs. Misconceptions

The misconception that Captain James Cook “discovered” New Zealand is a common one, perpetuated by many school curriculums. In reality, it was a series of Dutch explorers, including Abel Tasman, who were the first to discover New Zealand and name it "Neuw Zeeland" around 1640. These explorers did not claim the land for the Dutch or any other European nation, and the outlines of New Zealand on sailing maps predated Cook's arrival by almost a century.

Captain Cook is often credited with “discovering” New Zealand because it was he who was the first to step ashore and plant the Union Jack, declaring the land for England. However, this was a strategic move rather than a discovery, as the outline of New Zealand had been known to other explorers for decades. This is why the Union Jack is still displayed on the New Zealand flag today – as a symbol of British exploration rather than a true discovery.

The Role of Maori

It is important to note that the Maori people had already inhabited New Zealand for several hundred years before European exploration began. Their history and culture are integral to the identity of New Zealand, and their contributions should not be overshadowed by the modern narratives of colonial discovery.

While historical accuracy is crucial, it is also important to recognize that educational content must often be simplified for broader audiences. The focus on key points, like the role of Captain Cook and the Dutch explorers, helps ensure that information is accessible and engaging for a wider audience.

Changing the narrative in New Zealand schools and historical teaching can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the country's complex heritage. It is essential to acknowledge the contributions of indigenous peoples and the full history of exploration and settlement.

Ultimately, the naming of places with "New" and "Old" can help us understand the historical context of exploration and the complex relationships between different cultures and civilizations.